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NAPLEX North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination
The NAPLEX®, or North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination®, measures a candidates knowledge of the practice of pharmacy. It is just one component of the licensure process and is used by the boards of pharmacy as part of their assessment of a candidates competence to practice as a pharmacist.
Before you get started, download the NAPLEX/MPJE Application Bulletin. It contains everything you need to know about the exam, such as:
The two-step process Testing appointment instructions What youll see on the exam How to get your score report
If you dont already have an NABP e-Profile follow the instructions on
NABPs website to create one. Verify that your name in your e-Profile
matches exactly to your primary and secondary IDs that you will use to
be admitted to the testing center (see the Taking Your Exams section
for name matching requirements). To update your e-Profile, follow the
instructions on the NABP website.
If you are a student, you probably have an NABP e-Profile that was set up
for the PCOA. If you forgot your password, use the Forgot Password link
and reset it. If you no longer have access to the email address associated
with your account, contact NABP Customer Engagement for help.
NABP confirms eligibility to sit for the NAPLEX and MPJE for candidates seeking licensure in the above listed states. If
you are seeking licensure for any of these jurisdictions, including via score transfers, you will need to pay an additional
non-refundable processing fee of $85. This fee covers both the NAPLEX and MPJE and is valid for a one-year period
starting with the date of the initial application.
If you have not passed your exam within that one-year period, you will forfeit the processing fee and will be required to
submit a new processing fee if you wish to still take the exam(s).
If you are a new graduate seeking initial licensure in one of the above listed states, you must have an official transcript
sent directly from your pharmacy school to NABP before beginning the NAPLEX/MPJE application process. Candidates
applying for licensure in Oregon must also submit an official transcript to the Oregon State Board of Pharmacy.
There is a 45-day waiting period after a failed attempt to take the NAPLEX. Candidates may reapply but will not receive a
new ATT to schedule an exam until the board reconfirms eligibility and the wait period has been met. Some jurisdictions
require a longer waiting period. If you are testing for such a jurisdiction, the longer waiting period applies.
The waiting period policy also limits candidates to a maximum of 3 attempts per 12-month period. If you fail the NAPLEX
3 times in a 12-month period, you must wait at least 12 months from the first attempt to reapply.
North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination Medical Examination test
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Question #143 Section 1
What is the active ingredient found in the medicine Adalat?
A. Nifedipine
B. Adalimumab
C. Digoxin
D. Simvastatin Answer: A
The dihydropyridine drug "" nifedipine "" is the active ingredient found in the medicine Adalat. Nifedipine is used
to treat angina, Reynaud's phenomenon and hypertension. It is also used as a tocolytic agent in premature labor.
Question #144 Section 1
In the management of acute ischemic stroke, within how many minutes from symptom onset should alteplase be
administered?
A. 3 hours
B. 6 hours
C. 12 hours
D. 24 hours Answer: A
In the management of acute ischemic stroke, alteplase should be administered within 3 hours of symptom onset.
Question #145 Section 1
Which of these medicines is well-known to cause a positive direct Coombs test?
A. Methyldopa
B. Labetalol
C. Hydralazine
D. Nifedipine Answer: A
The direct Coombs test is used to test for autoimmune hemolyticanemia "" a condition in which the body attacks
red blood cells, leading to anemia. Some drugs can cause a positive direct Coombs test "" methyldopa being one of
the most well-known (via IgG-mediated type II hypersensitivity reaction). Other drugs that can cause this effect
include quinidine (IgM-mediated activation) and penicillins (at very high doses).
Question #146 Section 1
Which H2-receptor blocker may cause gynecomastia in men due to its antiandrogenic effects?
A. Ranitidine
B. Nizatidine
C. Cimetidine
D. Famotidine Answer: C
Cimetidine has multiple drug interactions due to its inhibitory effects on CYP1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4. Inhibition
of these enzymes can cause an increase in the serum concentrations of drugs metabolized by these enzymes,
leading to toxicity.
Question #147 Section 1
A patient presents in the pharmacy in a delirious state with pinpoint pupils. Which of the following toxicity states
does the patient most likely have?
A. Alcohol
B. Opioid
C. Benzodiazepine
D. Amphetamine Answer: B
Signs of opioid overdose include pinpoint pupils, delirious state, nausea / vomiting, respiratory depression and
sleepiness or loss of consciousness. Naloxone may be used to reverse the effects of opioid overdose.
Question #148 Section 1
The administration of dapsone gel for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris in patients with G6PD deficiency may
produce which of these?
A. Anaphylaxis
B. Fungal infections
C. Hemolysis
D. Immunosuppression Answer: C
Dapsone treatment has produced dose-related hemolysis and hemolytic anemia. Individuals with glucose-6¬
phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency are more prone to hemolysis.
Question #149 Section 1
A 51-year-old patient, who takes a calcium channel blocker (CCB), reports that he is experiencing constipation.
Which CCB is the patient most likely to be taking?
A. Nifedipine
B. Amlodipine
C. Verapamil
D. Diltiazem Answer: C
Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers "" which are diltiazem and verapamil "" are statistically more likely
to cause constipation. Of these two, verapamil has a higher probability of causing this side effect.
Question #150 Section 1
How many millimoles of sodium are in 0.9% sodium chloride?
A. 90 millimoles
B. 99 millimoles
C. 145 millimoles
D. 154 millimoles Answer: D
0.9% = 9 grams per every 1,000mL Molecular weight of NaCl = 58.5 9 / 58.5 = 0.154 moles 0.154 moles is the
same as 154 millimoles There are 154 millimoles of sodium ions and 154 millimoles of chloride ions in 0.9%
sodium chloride.
Question #151 Section 1
A 49-year-old's blood test results have come back from the lab. Their chloride level currently measures 99 mEq/L.
How should you interpret this result?
A. Very low, requires immediate treatment
B. Slightly below normal
C. Within the normal range
D. Very high, requires immediate treatment Answer: C
Serum chloride levels should ideally fall between 96-106 mEq/L. For this reason, the patient's chloride level has
come back as normal.
Question #152 Section 1
Before use, which of the following products should be used to clean surfaces of a laminar flow hood?
A. 95% ethyl alcohol
B. 70% isopropyl alcohol
C. Purified water
D. Purified WFI Answer: B
Before each use, 70% isopropyl alcohol should be used to clean surfaces of a laminar flow hood.
Question #153 Section 1
What is the active ingredient of the medicine Lyrica?
A. Tramadol
B. Digoxin
C. Valproate
D. Pregabalin Answer: D
Pregabalin is the active ingredient of the medicine Lyrica; a drug used to treat epilepsy, neuropathic pain,
fibromyalgia and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
Question #154 Section 1
Which of these is an example of postrenal acute kidney injury (AKI)?
A. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
B. Heart failure
C. Dehydration
D. Renal vein thrombosis Answer: A
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an example of postrenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Postrenal AKI, as the
name suggests, involves an effect "˜post' or "˜beyond' the kidney, to problems that emerge downstream from
the kidney. BPH is one such example of that. Other examples include kidney stones, bladder stones and bladder
cancer.
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https://killexams.com/exam_list/MedicalWhich State Has The Best Test Scores? Analyzing Standardized Testing Trends
Editorial Note: We earn a commission from partner links on Forbes Advisor. Commissions do not affect our editors' opinions or evaluations.
As online college and other alternative higher ed options have grown in popularity, standardized testing has become less important at the college level, with many colleges going test-optional. But high school students across the U.S. still take the SAT and ACT® to prep for college admissions.
At the K-12 level, standardized testing remains a vital metric for measuring students’ comprehension and competency in core subject areas like math, reading, writing and science. Standardized test scores provide primary and secondary school teachers and administrators with data-driven insights that inform curriculum development and shape educational policies and practices. These scores can also impact a school’s funding and resource allocation.
In this article, we rank the states with the highest standardized test scores and discuss the evolving role of standardized testing, including K-12 assessments and college entrance exams.
Why Does Standardized Testing Matter in the U.S.?
Standardized testing assesses the academic performance of students, teachers and schools. Test scores offer a quantitative metric to determine whether schools meet established standards and help educators and policymakers identify areas for improvement.
K-12 Standardized Assessments
At the K-12 level, standardized testing evaluates students’ proficiency in core subject areas at their respective grade levels. Test scores offer insights into the factors affecting a student’s, school’s or state’s performance. They can also inform instructional strategies and shape curriculum development.
The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is a comprehensive assessment encompassing print and digital assessments across multiple subject areas, including math, reading and science. NAEP is usually administered at the state and district levels among fourth and eighth grades. On this page, we use fourth- and eighth-grade math and reading assessments to determine our rankings.
K-12 standardized testing often faces criticism for its testing practices. Teachers, administrators and parents argue that standardized testing doesn’t account for each student’s unique learning style and strengths, instead testing students using a one-size-fits-all approach. Some say the education system’s focus on standardized testing has narrowed the scope and focus of curriculums to accommodate test results.
This criticism drives an ongoing dialogue about the need for more holistic and inclusive testing and assessment practices. Teachers, administrators and curriculum developers continue to propose alternative assessment methods—such as performance tasks, project-based work and portfolios—to better capture the multifaceted nature of student learning.
College Entrance Exams
During their third and fourth years of high school, students often take college entrance exams ahead of submitting their applications for admission. These exam scores measure learners’ academic readiness for higher education. Colleges and universities use standardized tests to inform their admissions decisions.
Colleges and universities also consider several other factors during the admissions process, such as academic performance, extracurricular activities, personal statements and letters of recommendation. Also, many colleges have adopted test-optional admissions policies, which lift entrance exam requirements for first-year applicants.
Our ranking looks at metrics from the following standardized tests.
SAT: The SAT is a multiple-choice test that covers math, evidence-based reading and writing. Each section of the SAT is scored on a 200- to 800-point scale, making 1600 the highest possible score.
ACT: The ACT evaluates students’ knowledge in four areas: English, reading, mathematics and science. There’s also an optional writing section, which does not affect the composite ACT score. Your composite score comprises the average of the four subject scores, rounded to the nearest whole number. Possible ACT scores range from one to 36.
MCAT: All medical school programs in the U.S. use the MCAT for medical school admissions. This computer-based, multiple-choice exam evaluates critical thinking, problem-solving, and knowledge of behavioral, natural and social science concepts and principles.
States With the Best Test Scores
Below we rank each U.S. state based on its standardized testing performances. Our methodology uses data from K-12 assessments, focusing on fourth- and eighth-grade math and reading assessments and college entrance exam performances.
Top Five States
The top five states in our standardized testing performance ranking are:
Massachusetts
Utah
New Jersey
New Hampshire
Connecticut
Common factors contributing to these states’ strong performances include rigorous academic standards, adequate funding, student-to-teacher ratios, professional development and successful education policies and reforms.
Massachusetts
Massachusetts consistently ranks among the states with the highest standardized test scores in the U.S. and secured the top spot on our list. At the fourth grade level, 42.9% of students demonstrated proficiency or higher in math; 42.61% achieved the same in reading.
In the eighth grade, Massachusetts students maintained their position as top performers among students nationwide, with 35.06% demonstrating proficiency or higher in math and 39.8% achieving the same in reading. While Massachusetts students received slightly lower average SAT scores than students in some other states, they earned the nation’s highest average ACT and MCAT scores.
Utah
Utah ranked second on our list, with 42.9% of NAEP test takers demonstrating proficiency or higher in math and 36.83% achieving the same in reading. Utah students received the highest average SAT score in the nation, with average ACT and MCAT scores trailing just below Massachusetts.
New Jersey
New Jersey placed third in our ranking, with 39.42% of fourth graders performing at or above proficiency in math and 38.02% at or above proficient in reading. New Jersey scored higher average ACT scores than Utah, and its average SAT and MCAT scores ranked just below Massachusetts and Utah.
New Hampshire
New Hampshire’s standardized testing performance ranked fourth, with 39.96% of fourth graders demonstrating proficiency or higher in math and 37.02% achieving the same in reading. These rates dropped slightly through the eighth grade. New Hampshire had the highest average MCAT scores of any U.S. state.
Connecticut
Connecticut claimed the fifth spot in our ranking, where 37.01% of fourth graders demonstrated proficiency or higher in math, and 34.62% showcased the same in reading. Connecticut students maintained their overall performances through eighth grade, though math levels dropped by 7.06%. Connecticut’s average ACT and MCAT scores were on par with those of Massachusetts.
Bottom Five States
Mississippi, Alabama, West Virginia, New Mexico and Oklahoma ranked in the bottom five states for standardized test scores.
Various educational, economic and social factors influence these scores. For example, states with lower socioeconomic status may face challenges such as resource allocation to education or limited resources.
Mississippi
Mississippi ranked fifth-lowest in our ranking, with 32.07% of fourth graders demonstrating proficiency or above in math and 30.64% performing the same in reading. This trend continues through the eighth grade, with the percentages of students performing at this level declining to 17.75% in math and 21.98% in reading.
Alabama
Alabama ranked fourth-lowest on our list, with 27.17% of fourth graders demonstrating proficiency or above in math and 28.26% demonstrating the same in reading. These performance levels persisted through the eighth grade, dropping by 8.48% in math and 6.23% in reading. Notably, Alabama students earned higher average ACT and MCAT scores compared to Mississippi; however, their average SAT scores were lower.
West Virginia
West Virginia placed third from the bottom, with 22.84% of fourth graders demonstrating proficiency or above in math and 22.28% achieving the same in reading. The percentage of students performing at this level dropped slightly through the eighth grade to 15.09% in math and 21.66% in reading.
West Virginia students saw lower average SAT scores than learners in Mississippi and Alabama; however, their average ACT and MCAT scores kept up.
New Mexico
New Mexico ranked second-to-last in terms of standardized testing performance, with just 19.12% of fourth graders demonstrating proficiency or higher in reading and 20.97% achieving the same in reading. Performance rates through the eighth grade dropped by 6.43% in math and 2.54% in reading. Students in New Mexico received the lowest average SAT scores of any state. However, their average ACT and MCAT scores were comparable to students in Mississippi, Alabama and West Virginia.
Oklahoma
Oklahoma placed at the bottom of our ranking, with 26.83% of fourth graders demonstrating proficiency or higher in math, and 24.02% performing the same in reading. NAEP performances declined through the eighth grade, falling by 5.55% and 2.74% in math and reading, respectively.
The Bottom Line
Massachusetts, Utah, New Jersey, New Hampshire and Connecticut lead the nation in standardized testing performance. Overall, students in these states maintained strong NAEP performance levels through the eighth grade, with only minimal changes in reading and math performances.
Comparatively, the bottom five states—Mississippi, Alabama, West Virginia, New Mexico and Oklahoma—experience a sharper decline in proficiency levels from fourth to eighth grade.
These contrasting performances highlight how various factors may impact standardized testing outcomes at various grade levels, emphasizing the importance of addressing educational disparities.
Methodology
To determine the states with the best test scores, Forbes Advisor Education obtained data on test performance at the elementary, middle, high school and college levels.
At the elementary level, we analyzed the percentage of fourth-grade students who scored at or above grade-appropriate proficiency in the math and reading sections of NAEP, according to government data from The Nation’s Report Card. We conducted an identical analysis of eighth-grade student scores.
To measure high school standardized test performance, we looked at the average ACT and SAT scores among test takers who graduated from high school in 2023. This data came from ACT and the College Board, respectively.
Finally, to measure how a state’s college-educated test takers compare, we used the average MCAT scores of medical students expected to earn their MD in 2023–24, separated according to students’ states of legal residence. This data came from the Association of American Medical Colleges.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Standardized Testing
What is meant by a standardized test?
A standardized test is an assessment that’s administered and scored in a consistent and uniform manner across a broad population. Standardized tests are designed to measure students’ comprehension and competency in specific subject areas, evaluate overall academic performance and inform educational policies.
What are the problems with standardized testing?
Standardized testing often faces criticism from teachers, administrators and parents. Some argue that the one-size-fits-all approach overlooks students’ diverse learning styles and strengths. Moreover, some say standardized testing includes biases that can influence schools’ curriculums and funding allocations.
What are the pros and cons of standardized testing?
In primary schools, standardized testing offers a quantitative assessment of academic performance, theoretically removing subjective biases that come from individual instructors and district-specific assessments. Some say standardized testing favors certain learning styles and socioeconomic backgrounds and stifles creativity.
Is the SAT a standardized test?
The SAT is a standardized college entrance exam usually taken during the junior or senior year of high school. Many colleges and universities use SAT scores during admissions; however, schools commonly adopt test-optional admissions processes that do not require applicants to submit standardized test scores.
Thu, 04 Jan 2024 04:33:00 -0600Mariah St Johnen-UStext/htmlhttps://www.forbes.com/advisor/education/which-states-have-the-highest-standardized-test-scores/A Nurse Told Me to Lock Myself in an Exam Room. A Patient's Dad Was Looking For Me.
Agrawal is a pediatrician and gun safety advocate.
One morning last summer, when I was seeing patients in a Bronx clinic, a nurse told me to lock myself in an exam room. A patient's father was looking for me, angered about my report to child protective services. Even though he eventually left, my chest cramped when I learned that he planned to return. Just weeks before, a doctor in another state had been shot dead by a patient; and very recently, there had been three shootings near the clinic where I was working. I relayed my safety concerns to a clinic administrator and was handed a small silver plastic whistle.
Not long after, I decided to resign.
A year ago, Surgeon General Vivek Murthy, MD, MBA, sounded the alarm on workplace violence in healthcare as a contributor to skyrocketing health worker burnout and resignation. Despite his national advisory calling for zero-tolerance violence policies, the issue of gun violence in healthcare remains underreported and unchecked, particularly in clinics and other non-hospital settings.
From 2010 to 2020, the Joint Commission, the largest standards-setting and accrediting body in healthcare, received 39 reports of hospital shootings. Most were staff shot by patients. While the commission issued updated healthcare workplace violence prevention standards in 2022, they are mostly directed towards hospitals, leaving health workers in many outpatient facilities unprotected.
One healthcare facility shooting took place per week in July 2023, with two occurring at outpatient clinics. Three were intimate partner violence related.
On July 11, 2023, a disturbing notification popped up on my cell phone, "Patient shoots, kills orthopedic surgeon in clinic." Benjamin Mauck, MD, a 43-year-old specialist in childhood hand deformities and father of two young children, had been shot dead in a Tennessee clinic exam room, allegedly by patient Larry Pickens.
Law enforcement characterized the shooting as an isolated "one-on-one interaction"; the public was advised to say something if they see something suspicious in the future. Yet, less than 1 week before and just 7 miles away, an affiliate orthopedic clinic had alerted police about concerning behavior by Pickens, as did his stepfather for violent behavior in 2016. But none of these red flags helped protect Mauck from getting shot.
Less than 2 weeks after Mauck's death, 44-year-old hospital security guard Bobby Smallwood was shot to death on an Oregon hospital maternity unit. Then, 3 days later, a physician was found with a gunshot wound on the grounds of a medical building in Cedar Hill, Texas. The shooter's girlfriend worked in the same building and may have been the intended target.
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) describes healthcare shootings as "unpredictable," but research indicates that there are some patterns. For example, a 2019 study of 88 acute care hospital shootings found that most occurred in the summer; winter was the second most violent season. A study of physician involved shootings found most were related to dissatisfaction with health outcomes. According to StatPearl, outpatient clinics are the second most dangerous site for healthcare shootings, next to the emergency department.
While there have been efforts to make healthcare safer, they often aren't backed by science and may worsen health inequities. A recent JAMA article evaluated armed officers in hospitals and found that 17 patients were shot by hospital security from 2009 to 2022. Of those patients shot, most were Black and/or exhibited signs of mental instability.
Some hospitals now flag patients' charts to alert staff to potentially violent behavior. Not surprisingly, a study published in JAMA found that Black patients were flagged more than white patients using this system, and suffered longer wait times, which can increase risk for healthcare violence, according to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
Recently, the International Association for Healthcare Security and Safety proposed new guidelines for weapons screening, including metal detectors and "amnesty boxes" for voluntary firearm storage at hospital entrances. While a study found that metal detectors were effective in confiscating weapons, whether they reduced healthcare violence is unknown.
This year, the Senate proposed the bipartisan Safety from Violence for Healthcare Employees Act, making assaulting healthcare workers a federal crime. Similar legislation has been proposed by the House and endorsed by the American Hospital Association. However, in states that have increased penalties, there is no evidence to support effectiveness.
So, what next? Are any interventions effective?
Extreme Risk Protection Orders, also known as "red flag" laws, offer a promising, evidence-informed tool for suicide, mass shooting, and homicide prevention. Through a non-criminal legal process, a patient at risk of harm to themselves or others can be temporarily prevented from possessing and purchasing firearms. While available in 21 states and the District of Columbia, and to health professionals in six states, red flag laws are underutilized. The Bipartisan Safer Communities Act offers federal funding to support state implementation.
What can we, as healthcare professionals, do?
First, we must speak up, for our profession and our patients. We can promote understanding and ways to reduce healthcare rage, before criminalizing patients. We can ensure healthcare organizations invest in gun violence prevention strategies that are evidence-based, and that prioritize our safety over industry profits. We can't afford to wait.
Nina Agrawal, MD, is a pediatrician in New York City. She leads gun safety advocacy for the American Medical Women's Association and New York State-American Academy of Pediatrics.
Wed, 03 Jan 2024 04:08:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.medpagetoday.com/opinion/second-opinions/108111ChatGPT fails at diagnosing child medical cases. It's wrong 83 percent of the time.No result found, try new keyword!OpenAI's ChatGPT is no closer to replacing your family physicians, as the increasingly advanced chatbot failed to accurately diagnose the vast majority of hypothetical pediatric cases. The findings ...Thu, 04 Jan 2024 03:34:21 -0600en-ustext/htmlhttps://www.msn.com/Best No Exam Life Insurance Companies of January 2024
Our experts answer readers' insurance questions and write unbiased product reviews (here's how we assess insurance products). In some cases, we receive a commission from our partners; however, our opinions are our own.
Many of the best life insurance companies offer no-exam life insurance, which has the obvious appeal of skipping medical exams.
Featured No Exam Life Insurance Companies from Our Partners
Ethos Life
Insider’s Rating
4.37/5
Perks
Apply for life insurance online in just a few minutes with Ethos' simple application. No medical exams are required. Just answer a few health questions—many customers enjoy same-day coverage!
JD Power Customer Satisfaction Rating
Not Rated
AM Best Financial Strength Rating
A
Pros
100% online application process, quotes in minutes
Coverage starts immediately once approved
Term policies renewable up to age 94 for qualifying applicants
Cons
No conversion options to turn term policies to whole life for no exam policies
Whole life policy limits are lower
SBLI Life Insurance
Insider’s Rating
3.56/5
AM Best Financial Strength Rating
A
Pros
Whole and term life insurance products
Final expense options
Diverse life insurance riders available
Cons
Company does not post important information like limits on its site
No universal life insurance options
Age limit of 60 on accelerated underwriting
Bestow Life
Insider’s Rating
3.37/5
AM Best Financial Strength Rating
A+
Pros
Premiums as low as $8/month
Easy online access
Cons
Company only offers term policies
Limited support for customer needs
Maximum coverage limits are low
Complete Editorial Review of the Best No Exam Life Insurance Companies
Ethos Life: Best Term Life Policy
AARP Life Insurance: Best for Seniors
USAA Life Insurance: Best for Military Members
Prudential Life Insurance: Best for Higher Policy Limits
Mutual of Omaha Life Insurance: Best for Guaranteed Acceptance
AAA Life Insurance: Best for Waiting Period
Compare the Best No Exam Life Insurance
Many insurers offer a range of permanent and term life insurance policies that require a medical exam. These companies offer the best no medical exam life insurance policies.
Best Term Life Policy
Ethos No Medical Exam Life Insurance
Ethos Life accepts applicants up to age 65 with a 100% online application process, and limits are as high as $2 million.
Ethos Life asks a few basic medical questions, but coverage is effective immediately once approved. In addition, every customer buying policies like this from Ethos Life is eligible for a 30-day look period, which is another way to say you can cancel and get your money back in the first 30 days with no penalties.
Health questions: Yes
Coverage limits: Up to $2 million
Age: 20-65
Waiting period: May apply
Unique feature: Instant quotes available with a streamlined online application
AARP Life Insurance caters to senior clients for insurance and many other financial products. Older adults between 50 and 74 may qualify as long as they are AARP members. Term policies are available with limits up to $150,000 in most states. Montana and New York residents may be eligible for up to $100,000. Whole life policy limits max out at $25,000.
Whole life policies can be issued without any health exams or medical questions. The term policies, on the other hand, may ask some health questions.
Health questions: For term life policies, but not whole
Coverage limits: Up to $150,000
Age: 50-74
Unique feature: No medical exam policy caters to older adults
USAA Life Insurance is typically associated with military members and their immediate family members, but its insurance products are available to anyone. Pricing is lower, payouts are higher, and customer service is strong. Of course, these services are only available to military and qualifying family members. For the children of a deceased military member to use any USAA products, the military member would need to be signed up before their death.
Guaranteed whole life policies are available in 49 states, excluding Montana. USAA life insurance coverage is available from $2,000 to $25,000 with no medical exam or questions. Applicants who want higher coverage limits can explore medical exam policy options with a licensed agent.
Health questions: No
Coverage limits: Up to $25,000
Age: 45-85
Waiting period: Two years
Unique feature: Below-market product costs available for military members and qualifying family
Prudential Life Insurance offers up to $3 million in coverage for term life policies. Adults up to 60 years old are eligible for coverage with a short application involving some medical questions. For younger applicants, conversion options may also be available later to make term policies into whole life policies. However, due to the higher limits, Prudential's application process may also be longer.
Health questions: Yes
Coverage limits: Up to $3 million
Age: 20-60
Waiting period: Two years
Unique feature: High expert and customer rankings with a trusted provider
Mutual of Omaha Life Insurance has high financial stability and customer satisfaction ratings across different types of insurance. Guaranteed life policies are available for adults between the ages of 45 and 85. In New York state, the age range is 50-75. Policies can be as small as $2,000 in most states and as large as $25,000 with no health questions or medical exams.
Mutual of Omaha's no medical exam policies have a graded death benefit. If you die within two years of the policy start date, the company will not pay the full policy. Instead, it delivers 110% of the premiums paid. The Mutual of Omaha website boasts same-day payouts on most policies. Policies for children are also available.
Health questions: No
Coverage limits: Up to $25,000
Age: 45-85 (50-75 in New York State)
Waiting period: Two years
Unique feature: Company website lists same-day payment on most claims
AAA Life Insurance offers immediate death benefits for qualified applicants between 18 and 75. In other words, once your policy starts, you are eligible for the full policy benefit. Policies are available with limits as low as $25,000 and as high as $500,000. While a medical exam is not required, health questions are.
AAA offers term policies with limits as high as $500,000. For a whole life policy, the limit is $25,000. But applicants can add a rider doubling the payout for accidental death coverage. Younger people have no waiting period for benefits. For applicants over age 45, AAA pays out 130% of the premiums paid up to the date of death for the first two years.
Health questions: Yes
Coverage limits: Up to $500,000 term/$25,000 whole
Age: 18-75
Waiting period: Applies after age 45
Unique feature: Death benefit available regardless of the cause of death
No Medical Exam Life Insurance FAQs
A no medical exam life insurance policy could be right for you if you're able to qualify and don't need special coverage. These policies are the easiest to get for young applicants with no significant health issues. Older applicants can buy with some companies, but acceptance is not guaranteed. No medical exam policies offer less coverage with higher premiums in most cases. If you do not qualify for the no medical exam policy you want, insurance agents can help you explore alternatives.
No medical exam means life insurance companies will not check your blood pressure, cholesterol, etc. However, companies have access to prescription history and other personal records, and underwriters base decisions partly on this history.
You'll have to decide whether you prefer a whole or term policy based on your situation if you're getting no medical life insurance. A term policy has an expiration date, and extensions or conversions to a whole life policy are not guaranteed. If anything, your rate may be higher if you try to convert your policy. The insurer looks at you just as it would any other applicant of your age, health, etc. A whole life policy locks in premiums and payouts.
There are alternatives to a new medical exam life insurance policy. Insurance agents can quote you medical exam policies if you're denied a no medical exam option. An experienced agent may be able to assess your application before starting the process to avoid official denials. If you're concerned about premium limits, you can explore options like IUL (indexed universal life) for permanent life insurance that increases your benefit as long as you make premium payments.
A no medical exam life insurance policy may hold a certain appeal for older applicants and those in failing health. However, the life insurance market is the opposite of what you might expect. These policies are best for young people (typically under 50 years old) in good health. The no medical exam process is often more efficient, streamlining your approval, and life insurance companies can only do this with low-risk applicants.
If a provider sees red flags that might disqualify you, it won't necessarily prevent you from getting coverage. Instead, the agent would most likely offer to run more conventional life insurance quotes for you.
Guaranteed issue life insurance policies do not require a medical exam. This type of life insurance is typically limited to people ages 50 or older, and the tradeoff is that policies are usually more expensive than ones that do require a medical exam. That said, if your health conditions would otherwise prevent you from getting a life insurance policy, guaranteed issue insurance is a useful option, and it's offered by a variety of insurers including AIG, AAA, New York Life, and Gerber Life.
Yes, you can really get life insurance without a medical exam, but your options will be different. That's because you'll need to choose a guaranteed issue policy — a specific type of insurance that lets you bypass the medical exam requirement — and it will probably cost more than a regular policy including a medical exam.
The highest amount of life insurance you can get without a medical exam is lower than what you could get with a medical exam. Guaranteed issue policies that don't require medical exams typically top out at $25,000 or $50,000 in coverage, while standard life insurance policies can offer millions in coverage.
How to Pick the Best No Medical Exam Life Insurance Policy for You
Particularly when choosing life insurance, customization is critical. Buyers don't need to add every rider, but a little research goes a long way in selecting the right company. Some applicants will not qualify for a no medical exam life insurance policy. A life insurance agent can help you run quotes that make sense for you. Then agents can offer realistic insurance policy options and review the costs and benefits of each.
Asking friends and family which insurance agent they use could be your first step to finding the right life policy. Factors like age, medical history, and financial goals play key roles in your decision. So we do not recommend asking loved ones about individual policies. Instead, let a qualified insurance professional find the best policies for you.
Why You Should Trust Us: How We Chose the Best No Exam Life Insurance
The coverage and riders offered are vital parts of our evaluation. We also look at the speed of payouts, customer satisfaction, and financial strength ratings. All of these factor into the immediate and long-term performance of the life insurance companies we review.
If you're looking for more information about a specific life insurer, our individual reviews offer a deep dive into individual policies, riders, and more. The same considerations are used for all competitors to ensure readers have the edge to make informed decisions in an ever-changing market.
Lina Roby (she/her) was a Personal Finance Insurance editor at Insider. She covered pet, travel, auto, and other common insurance products. She is also a licensed property & casualty insurance agent. Her goal is to help readers make informed decisions for all their insurance needs and plan for the unexpected, especially in a constantly evolving insurance marketplace. As a licensed insurance agent, she worked closely with clients and insurance carriers to quote and bind homeowners, auto, liability, and other insurance plans for personal and business. As a licensed mortgage loan originator, she was also able to more effectively quote and bind homeowners insurance policies meeting mortgage lender requirements. With a love for writing, she has also assisted with marketing for her local insurance marketplace.
Evelyn He is a compliance associate at Business Insider who supports the Personal Finance Insider team. Personal Finance Insider is Business Insider's personal finance section that incorporates affiliate and commerce partnerships into the news, insights, and advice about money that Business Insider readers already know and love.The compliance team's mission is to provide readers with stories that are fact-checked and current, so they can make informed financial decisions. The team also works to minimize risk for partners by making sure language is clear, precise, and fully compliant with regulatory and partner marketing guidelines that align with the editorial team.Before joining Business Insider, she served in various legal and compliance roles in different industries, including the legal and pharmaceutical industries. Evelyn obtained her M.S. degree in Marketing at Boston University in 2022. Prior to combining and consolidating her knowledge of law and business, she spent one year finishing 1L courses at Suffolk University Law School to further her legal knowledge. She has also completed MBA business law courses while working on her Bachelor of Business Administration in Management at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Outside of work, she enjoys spending time with her 14-year-old Shih Tzu named Money, and her 5-year-old Bichon named Tibber.
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Tue, 02 Jan 2024 09:59:00 -0600en-UStext/htmlhttps://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/best-no-medical-exam-life-insuranceAn Exploratory Look At Whether Generative AI Can Pass An Official Mental Health Counseling Licensing Exam That Professionals Take
In today’s column, I will be closely looking at whether generative AI could potentially pass an official mental health counseling licensing exam. This is part of my ongoing in-depth series about generative AI or large language models (LLMs) that are or can be anticipated to be used for mental health guidance or advisement.
Before I dive into today’s particular topic, I’d like to provide a quick background for you so that you’ll have a suitable context about the arising use of generative AI for mental health advisement purposes. I’ve mentioned this in prior columns and believe the contextual establishment is essential overall. If you are already familiar with the overarching background on this topic, you are welcome to skip down below to the next section of this discussion.
The use of generative AI for mental health treatment is a burgeoning area of tremendously significant societal ramifications. We are witnessing the adoption of generative AI for providing mental health advice on a widescale basis, yet little is known about whether this is beneficial to humankind or perhaps contrastingly destructively adverse for humanity.
Some would affirmatively assert that we are democratizing mental health treatment via the impending rush of low-cost always-available AI-based mental health apps. Others sharply decry that we are subjecting ourselves to a global wanton experiment in which we are the guinea pigs. Will these generative AI mental health apps steer people in ways that harm their mental health? Will people delude themselves into believing they are getting sound mental health advice, ergo foregoing treatment by human mental therapists, and become egregiously dependent on AI that at times has no demonstrative mental health improvement outcomes?
Hard questions are aplenty and not being given their due airing.
Furthermore, be forewarned that it is shockingly all too easy nowadays to craft a generative AI mental health app, and just about anyone anywhere can do so, including while sitting at home in their pajamas and not knowing any bona fide substance about what constitutes suitable mental health therapy. Via the use of what are referred to as establishing prompts, it is easy-peasy to make a generative AI app that purportedly gives mental health advice. No coding is required, and no software development skills are needed.
We sadly are faced with a free-for-all that bodes for bad tidings, mark my words.
I’ve been hammering away at this topic and hope to raise awareness about where we are and where things are going when it comes to the advent of generative AI mental health advisement uses. If you’d like to get up-to-speed on my prior coverage of generative AI across a wide swath of the mental health sphere, you might consider for example these cogent analyses:
(1) Use of generative AI to perform mental health advisement, see the link here.
(2) Role-playing with generative AI and the mental health ramifications, see the link here.
(3) Generative AI is both a cure and a curse when it comes to the loneliness epidemic, see the link here.
(4) Mental health therapies struggle with the Dodo verdict for which generative AI might help, see the link here.
(5) Mental health apps are predicted to embrace multi-modal, e-wearables, and a slew of new AI advances, see the link here.
(6) AI for mental health got its start via ELIZA and PARRY, here’s how it compares to generative AI, see the link here.
(7) The latest online trend entails using generative AI as a rage-room catalyst, see the link here.
(8) Watching out for when generative AI is a mental manipulator of humans, see the link here.
(9) FTC aiming to crack down on outlandish claims regarding what AI can and cannot do, see the link here.
(10) Important AI lessons learned from the mental health eating-disorders chatbot Tessa that went awry and had to be shut down, see the link here.
(11) Generative AI that is devised to express humility might be a misguided approach including when used for mental health advisement, see the link here.
(12) Creatively judging those AI-powered mental health chatbots via the use of AI levels of autonomy, see the link here.
(13) Considering whether generative AI should be bold and brazen or meek and mild when proffering AI mental health advisement to humans, see the link here.
(14) Theory of Mind (ToM) is an important tool for mental health therapists and the question arises whether generative AI can do the same, see the link here.
And so on.
Here’s how I will approach today’s discussion.
First, I will introduce you to a pioneering research study that sought to assess whether generative AI could potentially pass an exam taken by medical school students as part of their pursuit of achieving their medical degree. The exam is known as the United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE). This study received a great deal of headlines since it showcased that generative AI seems to do well on the arduous medical exams taken by budding doctors. Next, I will share with you some salient details about an exam for mental health professionals known as the National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Examination (NCMHCE).
I’m guessing you might be wondering whether generative AI might be able to do well on that type of exam. Great question, thanks. I opted to use a popular generative AI app called ChatGPT to try out a half-dozen questions from the NCMHCE. Please note that this was merely an official sample set and not by any means the full exam.
Would you be surprised to know that the generative AI was able to successfully answer many of the sampled sample questions? I provide some important caveats and limitations about this mini experiment of sorts, and I want to emphasize this was principally done on an ad hoc basis and merely intended to be illustrative.
Here’s the deal.
Please do not jump the shark on this matter. Hold your horses. My mainstay aims here are simply to inspire others to do a deep dive on this and perform a fully comprehensive rigorous research study of an akin nature, perhaps modeled somewhat on the same approach taken by the study on the USMLE or similar such professional licensing domains.
Anyway, I believe you will find this interesting, engaging, and possibly whet your appetite to find out more on these topics. My discussion is yet another angle to considering where we are and where things are going pertaining to generative AI and the field of mental health therapy.
Please buckle up and prepare yourself for quite a ride.
Generative AI And Medical School Standardized Licensing Exam
Let’s talk about tests.
We generally assume that to practice medicine a test of some kind should be required to attest to the proficiency of the person that will be serving as a medical professional. I’d like to start by discussing perhaps one of the most famous such medical proficiency tests known as the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE). This is the test typically expected of those attaining a medical degree in the United States.
The USMLE was devised to aid in standardizing upon one major medical examination test that would be acceptable across every state and ensure that MDs were meeting the same set of standards. The test is composed of three separate stages and is taken during medical school and also upon graduation from medical school.
Here’s some additional detail as noted on the USMLE website:
“In the United States and its territories, the individual medical licensing authorities (‘state medical boards’) of the various jurisdictions grant a license to practice medicine. Each medical licensing authority sets its own rules and regulations and requires passing an examination that demonstrates qualification for licensure. Results of the USMLE are reported to these authorities for use in granting the initial license to practice medicine. The USMLE provides them with a common evaluation system for applicants for initial medical licensure.”
“USMLE was created in response to the need for one path to medical licensure for allopathic physicians in the United States. Before USMLE, multiple examinations (the NBME Parts examination and the Federation Licensing Examination [FLEX]) offered paths to medical licensure. It was desirable to create one examination system accepted in every state, to ensure that all licensed MDs had passed the same assessment standards – no matter in which school or which country they had trained.”
“The United States Medical Licensing Examination® (USMLE®) is a three-step examination for medical licensure in the U.S. The USMLE assesses a physician's ability to apply knowledge, concepts, and principles, and to demonstrate fundamental patient-centered skills, that are important in health and disease and that constitute the basis of safe and effective patient care.”
Humans take the USMLE to showcase their proficiency in medicine. When you encounter a medical doctor, you are likely to assume they probably took the test and passed it. On an intuitive basis we realize that having to pass such an arduous test is impressive and helps to provide us comfort that the person knows their stuff when it comes to the medical field.
Shift gears.
Can generative AI potentially also be proficient enough to pass the USMLE?
That’s an interesting and some would say important question worthy of considering.
First, some quick background about generative AI.
Realize that generative AI is not sentient and only consists of mathematical and computational pattern matching. The way that generative AI works is that a great deal of data is initially fed into a pattern-matching algorithm that tries to identify patterns in the words that humans use. Most of the modern-day generative AI apps were data trained by scanning data such as text essays and narratives that were found on the Internet. Doing this was a means of getting the pattern-matching to statistically figure out which words we use and when we tend to use those words. Generative AI is built upon the use of a large language model (LLM), which entails a large-scale data structure to hold the pattern-matching facets and the use of a vast amount of data to undertake the setup data training.
There are numerous generative AI apps available nowadays, including GPT-4, Bard, Gemini, Claude, ChatGPT, etc. The one that is seemingly the most popular would be ChatGPT by AI maker OpenAI. In November 2022, OpenAI’s ChatGPT was made available to the public at large and the response was astounding in terms of how people rushed to make use of the newly released AI app. There are an estimated one hundred million active weekly users at this time.
Using generative AI is relatively simple.
You log into a generative AI app and enter questions or comments as prompts. The generative AI app takes your prompting and uses the already devised pattern matching based on the original data training to try and respond to your prompts. You can interact or carry on a dialogue that appears to be nearly fluent. The nature of the prompts that you use can be a make-or-break when it comes to getting something worthwhile out of using generative AI and I’ve discussed at length the use of state-of-the-art prompt engineering techniques to best leverage generative AI, see the link here.
Shortly after ChatGPT was made publicly available, many AI researchers began to test the AI app by administering various well-known standardized tests to see how the AI app would do. In February 2023, a research study was posted that indicated ChatGPT had performed surprisingly well on the USMLE. The study was entitled “Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: Potential for AI-Assisted Medical Education Using Large Language Models” by Tiffany H. Kung, Morgan Cheatham, ChatGPT, Arielle Medenilla, Czarina Sillos, Lorie De Leon, Camille Elepaño, Maria Madriaga, Rimel Aggabao, Giezel Diaz-Candido, James Maningo, Victor Tseng, PLOS Digital Health, and posted on February 9, 2023.
Here is what the research paper stated overall (excerpts):
“We evaluated the performance of a large language model called ChatGPT on the United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE), which consists of three exams: Step 1, Step 2CK, and Step 3. ChatGPT performed at or near the passing threshold for all three exams without any specialized training or reinforcement. Additionally, ChatGPT demonstrated a high level of concordance and insight in its explanations.”
“USMLE questions are textually and conceptually dense; text vignettes contain multimodal clinical data (i.e., history, physical examination, laboratory values, and study results) often used to generate ambiguous scenarios with closely-related differential diagnoses.”
Consider mindfully those above-noted remarks from the AI research effort.
ChatGPT was able to score either at or near the passing threshold for the three staged USMLE. Thus, an arduous medical proficiency exam that we expect human medical doctors to pass was nearly passed by a generative AI app. Some would decry this result as misleading in the sense that the generative AI was doing this without actual “knowledge” akin to what humans seem to possess. The concern is that generative AI is nothing more than a so-called stochastic parrot that mimics human wording and fails to “understand” or “comprehend” what is going on.
Nonetheless, the aspect that generative AI could accomplish such a feat is unto itself impressive, even if done via smoke and mirrors as some suggest. The result is additionally surprising because the researchers used ChatGPT out of the box, as it were, namely the generic version of ChatGPT. Another approach would be to add additional data training on the medical field to ChatGPT, but that’s not what they did in this experiment. A generic data-trained generative AI was able to do well on a highly specialized medical domain exam. For more about how generic generative AI can be fine-tuned to specific domains, see my coverage at the link here.
Let’s consider a few other detailed aspects about the notable research result and then I’ll move to my next topic of discussion.
The research paper noted these salient details (excerpted):
“The data analyzed in this study were obtained from USMLE sample question sets which are publicly available.”
“376 publicly-available test questions were obtained from the June 2022 sample exam release on the official USMLE website. Random spot checking was performed to ensure that none of the answers, explanations, or related content were indexed on Google prior to January 1, 2022, representing the last date accessible to the ChatGPT training dataset. All sample test questions were screened, and questions containing visual assets such as clinical images, medical photography, and graphs were removed. After filtering, 305 USMLE items (Step 1: 93, Step 2CK: 99, Step 3: 113) were advanced to encoding.”
“In this present study, ChatGPT performed at >50% accuracy across all examinations, exceeding 60% in most analyses. The USMLE pass threshold, while varying by year, is approximately 60%.”
“Therefore, ChatGPT is now comfortably within the passing range. Being the first experiment to reach this benchmark, we believe this is a surprising and impressive result. Moreover, we provided no prompting or training to the AI, minimized grounding bias by expunging the AI session before inputting each question variant, and avoided chain-of-thought biasing by requesting forced justification only as the final input.”
I’d like to bring your attention to a few points made in those excerpts.
Notice that the experiment consisted of identifying a sample of publicly available questions associated with the exam. The idea is to usually feed samples of questions and not necessarily an entire test per se. It is important to consider how a sample was chosen and whether the sample is suitably representative of what the full test might contain. Fair is fair.
Another fairness consideration is that there is always a chance that the generative AI might have been initially data-trained on the very same questions. If those questions were found when the startup data training took place, you could say it is absurd to feed the same questions into the generative AI. The answers will likely already be known simply due to having seen the questions and their answers beforehand.
If you select questions that arose after the cutoff date of the generative AI app’s data training, you are somewhat comfortable that the content wasn’t encountered already. But even that is readily questioned since the questions might have appeared in other guises. Some exams modify old questions and reuse them in later versions of the exam. There is a chance that a new question is close enough to an older question that perhaps this gives the generative AI a leg up on answering the new question.
My point is that you need to carefully consider how these experiments are conducted. Overall, make sure to look at what sample was chosen and how appropriate it is. What are the odds that the generative AI has previously encountered the same or similar questions? As much as feasible, the goal is to set a fair and square playing field to see whether the generative AI can genuinely answer questions that have not previously been used as part of the data training effort.
You now have a semblance of what takes place when trying to assess generative AI about being able to pass exams such as the pervasive USMLE in the medical domain.
Let’s continue our exploration.
Generative AI And Mental Health Therapy Exam Taking
The research study that explored the use of generative AI such as ChatGPT on the USMLE can serve as a role model for similar kinds of studies. The conception is to identify publicly available sample questions, administer the questions to the generative AI, and see how well or poorly the generative AI scores on answering the questions. As much as possible, try to keep the playing field level and fair.
I decided to try this quickly for the field of mental health therapy or mental health counseling.
There is a well-known exam known as the National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Examination (NCMHCE). Sample questions are publicly posted online. I selected some of the sample questions and fed them into ChatGPT. I opted to use ChatGPT due to its immense popularity and it has generally been the default choice of similar research studies.
I might note that a more advanced generative AI such as GPT-4 by OpenAI or others would likely do a better job than ChatGPT. In that manner, you could interpret the ChatGPT usage as the floor and that we might expect heightened results by using a more advanced generative AI app. There isn’t an ironclad guarantee that a more advanced generative AI will do better. The odds though are in that direction.
We also have to be watchful for in a sense polluting an experiment by perchance using questions that have already been seen by the generative AI during the initial data-training. Furthermore, if the generative AI is hooked up to the Internet, the AI might simply go out and find the questions and their answers, similar to a search engine, rather than trying to directly answer the questions. ChatGPT in that sense is a handy choice because the free version does not readily allow for Internet access to perform its activities and the data training was last cut off in January 2022 (at the time of writing of this discussion).
Let’s dive into the ad hoc experiment by first establishing the nature of the mental health therapy or mental health counseling exam.
The National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Examination (NCMHCE) is devised and administered via an organization known as the National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. Here is what the website for the organization says (excerpts):
“The National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. and Affiliates (NBCC) is the premier credentialing body for counselors, ensuring that counselors who become nationally certified have achieved the highest standard of practice through education, examination, supervision, experience, and ethical guidelines.”
“Established as a not-for-profit, independent certification organization in 1982, NBCC’s original and primary purposes have broadened, and its divisions and affiliates have taken on additional responsibilities to advance the counseling profession and enhance mental health worldwide.”
“Today, there are over 69,000 National Certified Counselors (NCCs) in more than 40 countries.”
The gist is that this is a well-known and widely accepted organization, and the exam is likewise well-known and widely accepted. I bring this up in case you read a study that used generative AI on some relatively unknown exam or less than a stellar reputational exam, in which case, you would want to gauge the result of the study as partially on the rigor and standing of the test being given at the get-go.
Here is what the website about the NCMHCE says about the exam (excerpts):
“The National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Examination (NCMHCE) is designed to assess the knowledge, skills, and abilities determined to be important for providing effective counseling services. The NCMHCE is a requirement for counselor licensure in many states. It is one of two examination options for the National Certified Counselor (NCC) certification and also fulfills the examination requirement for the Certified Clinical Mental Health Counselor (CCMHC) specialty certification.”
“The NCMHCE measures an individual’s ability to apply and evaluate knowledge in core counselor skills and competencies and to practice competently as a professional counselor. Specifically, it assesses an entry-level clinical mental health counselor’s ability to apply knowledge of theoretical and skill-based tenets to clinical case studies. The case studies are designed to capture a candidate’s ability to identify, analyze, diagnose, and develop plans for treatment of clinical concerns.”
“Candidates for the NCMHCE must have a graduate-level degree or higher from a counseling program accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) or administered by an institutionally accredited college or university. The counseling degree program must contain courses in eight requirement areas.”
Observe some key points mentioned in those excerpts.
First, the exam is used to assess entry-level clinical mental health counselors. You might say that this is handy for my ad hoc experiment since I want to focus on the keystone threshold needed to be considered suitably knowledgeable for proceeding to perform mental health therapy with actual clients or patients. Other exams might be used to assess more advanced skill levels, but I’m aiming here to start with the usual starting point. I’m sure that other researchers are or will try to do the same for more advanced instances.
Second, note that candidates who want to sit for the exam must have a graduate-level degree or higher from an accredited counseling program or as administered by an accredited college or university. This sets the bar higher than perhaps allowing an undergraduate to take the exam or maybe wantonly opening the exam to anyone who wants to take it. We can presume that the test is likely to ask questions of a hard nature. That’s good since we would want to make sure we give something challenging to generative AI rather than some easy-peasy questions or materials. We might also note that of course, generative AI would not qualify to officially take the exam since it has not met all the criteria to do so.
The official exam website provides an NCMHCE Sample Case Study that indicates the case study is considered updated as of March 2023. I selected six sample questions from this sample set. I want to loudly emphasize that this is an ad hoc selection and I do so merely to be illustrative of what might be done on a more rigorous basis.
Though the date says March 2023, there of course is a chance that these questions and their answers have been around before that date, for which ChatGPT might have seen before the January 2022 cutoff date. I tried to do various probing into ChatGPT to see if the content had already been prior encountered. By and large, it doesn’t seem to be, but that’s not known for sure, and a deeper analysis would need to be undertaken to ascertain this. For the moment, let’s go with the flow and assume that the sample questions weren’t previously seen by ChatGPT during its data training.
The six sampled sample questions cover these six respective topics:
Q1. Establish a therapeutic alliance.
Q2. Identify strengths that improve the likelihood of goal attainment.
Q3. Discuss limits of confidentiality.
Q4. Determine a diagnosis.
Q5. Assess the presenting problem and level of distress.
Q6. Establish short- and long-term counseling goals consistent with the client’s diagnosis.
Keep that in mind as I walk you through what ChatGPT provided as answers to the posed questions.
The test is essentially based on case studies. For these six sampled sample questions, a case study was provided in the publicly posted material. The case study was fed into ChatGPT for this analysis. Rather than displaying for you the entirety of the case study, I will do a quick recap to bring you up to speed.
In this instance, the case study entails a divorced female of age 35 who is first undertaking a mental health counseling session with a mental health therapist who has some background about the client or patient but otherwise, this is the first meeting of the two. The client or patient has already been provisionally diagnosed as having a major depressive disorder.
Additional background is given about the client or patient. For example, after her divorce, she began staying in bed quite a lot and moved back in with her mother. She got fired from her job. She has had financial difficulties. Most days, she feels sad, empty, and anxious. She has joint legal custody with her ex-husband of their two children, respectively aged 10 and 12. And so on.
That outlines the nature of the underlying case study.
Questions And The Answers Generated By The Generative AI
I am going to walk you through each of the six multiple-choice questions and also showcase the answers that were generated by ChatGPT so that you can follow along step-by-step.
My initiating prompt asks ChatGPT to provide answers plus explain why each chosen answer was considered the correct answer by ChatGPT. Asking for an explanation is not necessary, but I thought getting explanations might be interesting to see.
There is also a bit of prompting strategy involved, namely that by asking for an explanation the chances are that a generative AI app might be more extensive in trying to solve a given question or problem, see my discussion at the link here. You could suggest that I was aiding the generative AI by giving an establishing prompt that would urge it to do a better job than otherwise. Whenever you look at research studies doing just about anything with generative AI, make sure to find out what prompts they used. This is a significant factor related to the performance of the generative AI. Studies that fail to showcase their prompts are unfortunately doing a bit of a disservice by not revealing how they got the generative AI to undertake things.
The sampled sample questions are based on the case study, and I’ve placed them in quotes to indicate they came from the case study. In some instances, the wording is slightly reworded merely and strictly for purposes of feeding them into ChatGPT.
I am purposely not going to speculate or comment on the answers that are given by ChatGPT. I will simply note whether ChatGPT selected the correct multiple-choice selection as stipulated in the sample set. I’m guessing that mental health therapists and mental health counselors will undoubtedly find the explanations of special interest and will indubitably get them extensively mulling over what ChatGPT had to say.
Here is my establishing prompt and the answer provided by ChatGPT:
My prompt: “I am going to ask you a series of questions about the case study. The questions are multiple-choice. You are to select an answer of either A, B, C, or D from the choices provided for each question. I want you to carefully read each question and then indicate which answer is the best answer of the choices provided. You are to also explain why the answer you’ve chosen is the best answer. Are you ready to answer the first question?”
ChatGPT generated a response: “Yes, I'm ready. Please proceed with the first question.”
Okay, we are good to go.
Here’s the first question:
“Q1. What would be the best way for a mental therapist to at initial intake seek to establish a therapeutic relationship with this person?”
“A. Reflect on what is irrational about the woman’s self-evaluations.”
“B. Advise her about how to manage her painful experiences.”
“C. Summarize her emotions and her desire for change.”
“D. Explore how she could improve her role in relationships.”
ChatGPT generated response:
“Answer to Q1 is C. Summarize her emotions and her desire for change.”
“Explanation: Establishing a therapeutic relationship involves demonstrating empathy, understanding, and acknowledging the client's emotions. Summarizing her emotions and desire for change (Option C) helps validate her experiences and shows that the therapist is actively listening and comprehending her situation. This approach helps build rapport and sets the foundation for a collaborative therapeutic relationship. It also allows the client to feel heard and understood, creating a safe space for further exploration and intervention.”
End of ChatGPT response
ChatGPT selected answer C, which is considered the correct answer as per the sample set.
The explanation indicates the presumed basis. I could have also asked ChatGPT to explain why the other answers weren’t as good as the selected answer. That would have gotten quite wordy and didn’t seem needed for this ad hoc analysis. A deeper study might want to consider getting a lengthier reply with a more elaborate explanation.
We move to the second question:
“Q2. What information should a mental health therapist explore to help the client remember her strengths?”
“A. The client’s disclosure about her previous level of functioning.”
“B. The client’s recollections of past mistakes.
“C. The client’s feelings about her mother paying for counseling.”
“D. The client’s use of cognitive distortions.”
ChatGPT generated response:
“Answer to Q2 is A. The client’s disclosure about her previous level of functioning.”
“Exploring the client's disclosure about her previous level of functioning (Option A) would be most relevant to identify and highlight her strengths. Understanding her past achievements, abilities, and positive aspects of her life before the onset of depressive symptoms can help the therapist and the client focus on resources that can be tapped into for recovery. This approach emphasizes a strengths-based perspective and encourages the client to recognize her capabilities, fostering a more positive outlook on her current situation.”
End of ChatGPT response
The answer indicated by ChatGPT is answer A, which is also the correct answer per the sample set. We are now two-for-two in terms of having gotten the questions right.
Next, let’s see what happens with the third question:
“Q3. How should a mental health therapist handle the client’s concern about confidentiality?”
“A. Explain that as a mental therapist, they will share progress updates with the mother but not provide any details.”
“B. Clarify what can and cannot be shared through informed consent.”
“C. Request the mother’s assent to the treatment and obtain the client’s consent.”
“D. Ask the client for a signed release that would include her mother as part of the treatment process.”
ChatGPT generated response:
“Answer to Q3 is B. Clarify what can and cannot be shared through informed consent.”
“The best approach is to clarify confidentiality issues through informed consent (Option B). The therapist should explain the limits of confidentiality, outlining what information can be shared and under what circumstances. This empowers the client to make an informed decision about what aspects of her treatment will remain confidential and what may need to be shared. It respects the client's autonomy and privacy while addressing concerns about the involvement of her mother in the therapy process.”
End of ChatGPT response
The answer indicated by ChatGPT is B, which is also the correct answer via the sample set. Three for three, so far.
Here’s the fourth question:
“Q4. From the perspective of the mental health therapist, what self-report from the client is a discernable criterion for the given diagnosis?”
“A. Her disagreements with her mother.”
“B. Her increased psychomotor agitation.”
“C. Her difficulty managing her children.”
“D. Her decreased pleasure in her activities.”
ChatGPT generated response:
“Answer to Q4 is D. Her decreased pleasure in her activities.”
“A discernible criterion for a major depressive disorder is often a pervasive and persistent decrease in pleasure or interest in previously enjoyed activities. This is commonly referred to as anhedonia. The client's report of not being able to remember the last time she enjoyed something and the cessation of an activity she used to find enjoyable (creating jewelry) aligns with this criterion. While other aspects, such as disagreements with her mother (Option A) or difficulty managing her children (Option C), may be related to her emotional state, the decreased pleasure in activities is a more specific indicator for depression.”
End of ChatGPT response
The answer indicated by ChatGPT is D, which is the correct answer according to the sample set. You will also note that this time the explanation opted to explain why the chosen answer was considered a better choice than some of the other proposed answers.
We are at four of four in terms of getting the correct answers.
Let’s see what occurs with the fifth question:
“Q5. What criteria were likely used to determine the severity specified for the client’s major depressive disorder?”
“A. The number of symptoms is not substantially in excess of those needed to make the diagnosis, yet functional impairment exists.”
“B. The intensity of the symptoms is distressing but manageable, and results in minor impairment of social or occupational functioning.”
“C. The intensity of symptoms is high and is accompanied by psychomotor agitation and mixed features associated with a major depressive episode.”
“D. The number of symptoms and their intensity are distressing and unmanageable and interfere with the client’s social and occupational functioning.”
ChatGPT generated response:
“Answer to Q5 is D. The number of symptoms and their intensity are distressing and unmanageable and interfere with the client’s social and occupational functioning.”
“The severity specified for major depressive disorder is often determined by the number and intensity of symptoms, as well as their impact on the client's social and occupational functioning. In this case, the client reports feeling sad, empty, and anxious most days, experiences tension every day, has difficulty getting out of bed, and has ceased engaging in previously enjoyed activities. Additionally, she has lost her job, faces financial difficulties, and expresses guilt about her interactions with her children. These factors suggest a significant impact on both social and occupational functioning, aligning with the criteria for a more severe form of major depressive disorder.”
End of ChatGPT response
ChatGPT indicates the answer should be D, but the sample set indicates the correct answer is A. This is the first miss by ChatGPT in this set of sampled sample questions.
I was curious whether ChatGPT could justify the answer D versus the answer A.
One thing to keep in mind is that some generative AI apps such as ChatGPT tend to immediately back down when you challenge them about an answer. The AI will indicate that it was wrong and switch to the answer that you say is the correct answer. In a sense, this is somewhat disconcerting because you would generally prefer the AI to moderately push back and support an answer that was chosen.
I am not saying this should be doggedly dogmatic. It certainly makes sense to have the AI back down if the user is telling the AI that the answer is wrong, though I think you can see how this might be a dangerous slope to slide upon. Just because a user says that something is wrong does not mean that it indeed is wrong. You can end up with the AI being too easily convinced of falsehoods simply because the user said they were truths. This is an ongoing issue of concern about generative AI, see my analysis at the link here.
All in all, rather than telling the AI that it was wrong, which would possibly get it to collapse like a deck of cards, I came to the matter politely and tangentially. I merely asked ChatGPT to compare the answer D with the answer A. I didn’t tip my hand that the answer A is considered the correct answer.
Here we go:
My prompt: “I'd like you to compare the answer D that you selected to the choice A. What makes answer D better than answer A?”
ChatGPT generated response:
“Let's compare options D and A:”
“D. The number of symptoms and their intensity are distressing and unmanageable and interfere with the client’s social and occupational functioning.”
“A. The number of symptoms is not substantially in excess of those needed to make the diagnosis, yet functional impairment exists.”
“The main distinction lies in the severity of functional impairment. Option D suggests that the number of symptoms and their intensity are distressing and unmanageable, leading to significant interference with social and occupational functioning. This aligns with a more severe form of major depressive disorder, where the impairment is substantial.”
“On the other hand, Option A acknowledges functional impairment but does not emphasize the distressing and unmanageable nature of the symptoms. It leaves room for interpretation that the impairment might be present but not to the extent that it is distressing or unmanageable.”
“In the context of major depressive disorder, severity is often determined not just by the presence of symptoms but also by the impact on daily functioning. Option D explicitly addresses the distress and interference with functioning, making it a more comprehensive and accurate description of a severe presentation of major depressive disorder.”
End of ChatGPT response
I’d bet that mental health professionals could readily debate the indication of ChatGPT about why one of the answers is construed as better than the other. Please do so at your leisure.
Moving to the sixth and final question, take a look at this one:
“Q6. From the perspective of the mental health therapist, what short-term goal would guide the treatment of the client’s presenting problem?’
“A. Spend one hour each day rewriting difficult childhood memories with her mother.”
“B. Return to her previous sleep schedule to be more present with her children.”
“C. Spend one hour each day journaling about her vision for her next marriage.”
“D. Return to full-time work in nursing to boost her self-image and mood.”
ChatGPT generated response:
“Answer is B. Return to her previous sleep schedule to be more present with her children.”
“The most appropriate short-term goal would be to address the immediate issue affecting her daily functioning, which is her disrupted sleep schedule. Returning to her previous sleep schedule (Option B) can have a positive impact on her mood, energy levels, and ability to engage with her children. This goal is specific, achievable, and directly addresses a key factor contributing to her distress. It also aligns with improving her overall well-being and functioning in the short term.”
End of ChatGPT response
The answer selected by ChatGPT is answer B, which is the correct answer according to the sample set.
Conclusion
Please do not try to calculate the percentage of times that ChatGPT was able to correctly answer the sampled sample. Doing so would be ridiculous as this was not a rigorous experiment but instead an ad hoc one and meant solely to get the juices flowing about examining how generative AI might do on these kinds of tests. That being said, I believe there is enough indication that performing a thorough study would be worthwhile. Had the generative AI got none of the answers correctly I would probably be leaning toward suggesting that a full-on study wasn’t likely worth the effort. This snippet suggests that doing more might be valuable.
There are flies in the ointment on these matters.
One argument about having generative AI take these various types of tests is that there isn’t any human soul or human connection that is also being assessed, see my discussion at the link here. In other words, just because a generative AI app can answer questions on a dry test does not mean that we would want the generative AI to interact with real people in real life and provide advice as to whatever domain or realm of expertise is being tested.
The argument is further amplified when considering the topic of mental health. Some would assert that only another human can adequately counsel another human. An AI system is not human and does not have human experience under its belt. A counterviewpoint is that notwithstanding humanness, there is still a place for AI to aid humans, including in the sphere of mental health guidance or advice.
Let’s conclude this discussion for now by invoking a famous line.
The renowned American psychologist Carl Rogers purportedly said this: “In my early professional years, I was asking the question, how can I treat, or cure, or change this person? Now I would phrase the question in this way, how can I provide a relationship that this person may use for their personal growth?”
Can generative AI form a relationship with humans and if so, do we want that to be how mental health is conveyed or advised?
More questions ostensibly need more answers; thus, the endeavor must continue.
Mon, 01 Jan 2024 09:36:00 -0600Lance Eliotentext/htmlhttps://www.forbes.com/sites/lanceeliot/2024/01/01/an-exploratory-look-at-whether-generative-ai-can-pass-an-official-mental-health-counseling-licensing-exam-that-professionals-take/Elderly motorists need medical tests due to their 'far more risky' driving
Motorists over 75 need to take a medical test as their driving becomes “far more risky” with age, a leading insurer has said.
Until 2022, the requirement to submit a medical report to renew a licence began at 70 but the Government increased the age limit because older drivers are an “an exceptionally responsible group of drivers”.
Despite this, a survey for Peopl Insurance found the public are starkly divided on the issue; one in five people considered the requirement ‘ageist’ but most people thought the regulation was appropriate or not tough enough.
“Fifty percent of people felt the current rule was fine and another 25% felt we should apply the mandatory rule to everyone - not just to people at age 75 and over,” Peopl Insurance CEO Paul Walsh toldBreakfast Briefing.
“That was predominantly women; probably there’s a higher level of interest in road safety and higher level of awareness amongst many women of the implications of being safer on the roads.”
Mr Walsh said when you dig down in the demographics of the poll, older people are actually more relaxed about the mandatory medical examinations.
“The older the respondent in the survey nationally, the more they were aware that actually we needed mandatory health checking,” he said.
“Experience on the roads probably counts for something here and I think also, on the back of last year, there was a much higher level of awareness [about road safety].”
Whatever the views of the poll’s respondents, Mr Walsh said there are good reasons why older people should not be allowed to automatically renew their licence.
“There’s a very strong body of evidence that the older the driver, there’s a higher potential risk of an incident,” he said.
Taoiseach Leo Varadkar said the policy “does not make sense” to him.
Main image: An elderly couple driving. Alamy.com
Wed, 03 Jan 2024 20:00:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.newstalk.com/breakfast-briefing/elderly-motorists-need-medical-tests-due-to-their-far-more-risky-driving-1628689No. 23 Providence loses to Seton Hall and now awaits medical tests on its starNo. 23 Providence loses to Seton Hall and learns its star has torn an ACL
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Wed, 03 Jan 2024 20:31:00 -0600en-UStext/htmlhttps://sports.yahoo.com/no-23-providence-loses-seton-103131332.htmlIs your stomach pain from appendicitis? At-home tests to see if you need medical care
If you've had stomach pain recently, you might have wondered how to check if you have appendicitis at home.
Appendicitis is the most common cause of abdominal pain that results in surgery in the United States, with about 5-9% of Americans having the condition at some point in their life, according to the National Institutes of Health.
One 2019 study confirmed acute appendicitis in 70% of children with abdominal pain who had worsening symptoms after jumping.
Anyone can get appendicitis, but it is most common in people in their 20s and 30s, research shows.
Although the “jump test” is not validated in adults, there are other simple at-home maneuvers you can try to help determine whether to seek medical attention for abdominal pain.
Early signs of appendicitis
The appendix is a finger-shaped pouch that branches off where the small intestine meets the large intestine — near the right, lower side of the abdomen. Appendicitis typically causes pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, though there are some populations that may present differently, such as pregnant people.
Appendicitis occurs when the inside of the appendix gets blocked, which can happen due to a variety of causes, such as stool, germs or more rarely tumors. Surgery is typically necessary when the appendix comes inflamed and swollen.
While any type of severe abdominal pain needs immediate medical attention, these symptoms are the most commonly associated with appendicitis, according to Mayo Clinic.
Pain that starts suddenly in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen
Pain that begins suddenly near the belly button and moves toward the lower right quadrant
Pain that worsens if you move your abdomen, such as by walking or coughing
Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite
Fever that worsens
Bloating, gas
Constipation, diarrhea
How do I rule out appendicitis at home?
There are several tests you can try at home to see if you may have appendicitis, such as the knee test and the hamburger sign.
However, these maneuvers on their own aren’t enough to diagnose appendicitis. A proper diagnosis requires a thorough history of what led to the abdominal pain, a physical exam, lab tests and imaging, usually a CT scan. (Sometimes experienced surgeons will diagnose appendicitis when the medical history and physical exam make them certain of the diagnosis and it’s a true emergency.)
It’s also important to note that there’s limited research validating the accuracy of these tests when done by someone other than a health professional outside a health care setting — but these tests can still provide more clues that you may have appendicitis.
Hamburger sign
Almost every case of acute appendicitis starts with abdominal pain.
In a typical case, the pain starts in the belly button and then migrates to the right lower quadrant. In some cases, the pain may start in the right lower quadrant and then become sharp and continuous. The pain often worsens within hours.
Eventually, patients won't feel like eating anything and will often complain of nausea and vomiting after developing abdominal pain.
If a patient is experiencing abdominal pain but still has an appetite, it's unlikely to be appendicitis, according to previous research. Surgeons call this the hamburger sign.
Dunphy’s sign
As the disease progresses, patients often develop a fever while the inflammation spreads from the appendix to the lining of the abdominal cavity, known as the peritoneum.
When the inflammation spreads to the peritoneum, any movement of abdomen, such as simple walking, coughing or jumping, will usually induce abdominal pain.
At this stage, one simple test you can do at home is to cough. If your abdominal pain worsens after coughing, this is known as Dunphy’s sign and could be suggestive of appendicitis.
The leg test
The appendix lies close to a muscle known as the iliopsoas muscle, so inflammation of the appendix will also irritate this muscle when it’s moved.
Ask someone to place their hand just above your right knee while you lie flat on your back facing upward. Lift your right leg while they push down with resistance. If your appendix is flamed, this movement causes friction of the psoas muscle over the swollen appendix, resulting in pain.
Rovsing’s sign
Lie flat on your back facing upward. Press down with firm pressure on your left lower quadrant, the opposite side to where the appendix is. If you experience worsening pain in your right lower quadrant, this is a sign the lining of your abdominal cavity might be inflamed.
Rebound tenderness
While lying flat on your back, press firmly down on your right lower quadrant. If you experience sharp pain as you release your hands quickly, this is called rebound tenderness and could be a sign of appendicitis.
Keep in mind that if any of these movements cause pain, this merely suggests that you may have acute appendicitis because right lower quadrant pain can be caused by other conditions, too. And even if these movements do not cause additional pain, you could still have appendicitis.
Appendicitis can be confused with other conditions
Organs on the right side of the body near the appendix — such as the kidney, part of the large intestine, and the ovary and fallopian tube — can cause similar pain to appendicitis, even though it's from an entirely different condition.
Some conditions that cause similar pain include:
Inflammatory bowel disease, known as Crohn’s disease
Tubo-ovarian abscess, an infection of the ovary and the fallopian tube
Ruptured ovarian cyst
Endometriosis
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Ectopic pregnancy
Kidney stones
Epididymitis, when the back of testicle becomes swollen
Testicular torsion, when the testicle twists, cutting off blood supply
If you're concerned about your stomach pain, seek medical attention to rule out acute appendicitis.
This article was originally published on TODAY.com
Wed, 27 Dec 2023 08:09:00 -0600en-UStext/htmlhttps://www.aol.com/stomach-pain-appendicitis-home-tests-230922194.htmlBangladesh to hold medical college admission exam on Feb 9
Bangladesh is set to hold the admission test for government and private medical colleges on Feb 9. Meanwhile, the entrance exam for dental colleges has been scheduled for Mar 8.
Aspiring candidates can submit their applications for admission to MBBS courses from Jan 11-23, Health Minister Zahid Maleque said on Sunday. However, no specific application deadline was provided for the dental college entrance test.
This year, a total of 11,728 seats are available in both public and private medical colleges.
In an effort to prevent irregularities during the admissions process, the health minister has ordered the closure of medical coaching centres from Jan 9.
"We seek the cooperation of all departments, including law enforcement. Mobile phones are not permitted in the exam centres, and students will undergo stringent checks before entering exam halls."
Sat, 23 Dec 2023 19:08:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/1enmv7pdg5Release exam results: Medical studentsCoimbatore: Medical students awaiting posting are aggrieved at the delay in announcing the Medical Services Recruitment Board exam results. While reply to an RTI plea revealed that there were 1,751 vacancies for assistant surgeons, the exam notification had mentioned only 1,021 vacancies. Many medical students have requested the state to increase the postings by another 1,000 and release the results without further delay.
At least 13,000 doctors are awaiting the results. It is to be noted that the exams were held in April 2022. TNN We also published the following articles recently
NIOS Result for Oct-Nov 2023 Exams Announced at nios.ac.in; Download Here The NIOS has announced the results for the Senior Secondary and Secondary Public Examinations conducted in October and November 2023. Students can access their results on the official website, nios.ac.in, by entering their Enrollment Number and completing the security captcha verification process. The exams were held from October 3 to November 8, 2023. Candidates who pass will receive their marksheet cum certificate and migration cum transfer certificate from their Accredited Institutions. Any discrepancies should be promptly reported to ensure accurate results.
OSSSC Recruitment 2024 notification released for 2895 vacancies at osssc.gov.in, how to apply The Odisha Sub-ordinate Staff Selection Commission has released a notification for OSSSC Recruitment 2024, inviting online applications for various posts. The recruitment will be conducted through the Combined Recruitment Examination 2023. Candidates can submit their online application forms by January 31, 2024. To apply, visit the official website at osssc.gov.in and follow the step-by-step guide. The selection process includes a Preliminary Test, Mains Examination, and Practical Skill Test. A total of 2895 vacancies will be filled for Assistant Revenue Inspector, AMIN, Revenue Inspector, Supervisor, and Statistical Field Surveyor posts.
UP Police SI Recruitment 2023 notification released for 921 vacancies at uppbpb.gov.in The Uttar Pradesh Police Recruitment and Promotion Board (UPPBPB) has released the notification for UP Police SI Recruitment 2023. The application window for 921 vacancies will open on January 7, 2024, and the last date to submit the online application is January 28, 2024. Candidates interested in the UP Police Sub-Inspector (SI)/ Daroga- Confidential, Clerk, and Accounts posts can visit the official website at uppbpb.gov.in to check the detailed notification and apply. The recruitment process and application form submission can be found on the website.
Sat, 30 Dec 2023 13:04:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/medical-students-in-coimbatore-frustrated-with-delay-in-exam-results/articleshow/106413345.cms